{"id":9999,"date":"2022-05-19T19:06:01","date_gmt":"2022-05-19T19:06:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ubmgida.com.tr\/?p=9999"},"modified":"2022-05-19T19:06:02","modified_gmt":"2022-05-19T19:06:02","slug":"una-dair-hersey","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ubmgida.com.tr\/index.php\/2022\/05\/19\/una-dair-hersey\/","title":{"rendered":"Una Dair Her\u015fey"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>BU\u011eDAY &amp; BU\u011eDAY UNU<\/strong><br>Bu\u011fday unu,&nbsp;bu\u011fday\u0131n&nbsp;\u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclmesiyle elde edilen ince toza verilen add\u0131r.&nbsp;&nbsp;Bu\u011fdaydan elde dilen una genellikle sadece un denilir. Arpa,&nbsp;yulaf,&nbsp;\u00e7avdar,&nbsp;m\u0131s\u0131r,&nbsp;nohut&nbsp;gibi&nbsp;bitkilerden&nbsp;de un elde edilir ve bu unlar yayg\u0131n olarak o tah\u0131l\u0131n ad\u0131yla birlikte m\u0131s\u0131r unu, arpa unu bi\u00e7iminde adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<br>Bu\u011fday \u00e7ekirde\u011fi 3 ana k\u0131s\u0131mdan olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Kabuk (perikarp)<\/li><li>Ru\u015feym (\u00e7ekirdek \/ germ)<\/li><li>Unsu \u00f6z (endosperm)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6\u011f\u00fctme esnas\u0131nda, bu \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131m birbirinden ayr\u0131labilir ve farkl\u0131 tip unlar elde etmek i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerde tekrar birle\u015ftirilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Kabuk<\/strong><br>Kabuk k\u0131sm\u0131ndan kepek (bran) elde edilir. Tah\u0131l danesinin yakla\u015f\u0131k %14,5\u2019ini kepek olu\u015fturur, tam bu\u011fday ununun kepe\u011finde; %86 niasin, %50 pantotenik asit, %42 riboflavin, %33 tiamin, %19 protein bulunur. Bir de yo\u011fun olarak sel\u00fcloz bulunur.<br><strong>Ru\u015feym<\/strong><br>Tah\u0131l danesinin yakla\u015f\u0131k %2,5\u2019lik k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Genellikle kepek ile birlikte kalmakta fakat bazen de ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ya\u011f\u0131n en fazla oldu\u011fu yerdir. Bu nedenle bu\u011fday ya\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7ekirde\u011fin bile\u015fiminde %26 riboflavin, %21 pridoksin, %8 protein, %7 pantotenik asit, %2 niasin bulunur.<br><strong>Endosperm<\/strong><br>Tah\u0131l danesinin %85\u2019ini olu\u015fturur. Protein kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Endospermin % 70-75\u2019i proteindir. Un, bu\u011fday\u0131n bu k\u0131sm\u0131ndan elde edilir.<strong>Bu\u011fdaylar botanik yap\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7 s\u0131n\u0131fa ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r:<\/strong>Triticum aestivum (ekmeklik bu\u011fday)Triticum durum (makarnal\u0131k bu\u011fday)Triticum compactum (topba\u015f vb. bisk\u00fcvilik bu\u011fday)<strong>Bu\u011fdaylar ayr\u0131ca sertlik, dane rengi ve ekili\u015f durumuna g\u00f6re de s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><strong>Dane sertliklerine g\u00f6re:<\/strong>&nbsp;Sert bu\u011fday, yar\u0131 sert bu\u011fday, yumu\u015fak bu\u011fday.<strong>Dane renklerine g\u00f6re:<\/strong>&nbsp;K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve beyaz bu\u011fday<strong>Ekili\u015flerine g\u00f6re:<\/strong>&nbsp;Yazl\u0131k ve k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k bu\u011fdaySanayicinin bu\u011fday tercihi un verimi ve kullan\u0131m amac\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. \u00d6re\u011fin ekmeklik bu\u011fdaylarda y\u00fcksek protein ve kalite aran\u0131rken bisk\u00fcvilik bu\u011fdaylarda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck protein aranmaktad\u0131r. Makarna \u00fcretiminde ise durum bu\u011fday\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bu bu\u011fdaylardan \u00fcretilen unlar\u0131n da protein de\u011ferleri birbirlerinden farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermektedir.<br>&nbsp;Bu\u011fday danesin bile\u015fimi bu\u011fday\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fidine, yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi b\u00f6lgeye ve iklimsel de\u011fi\u015fikliklere g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6stermesine ra\u011fmen ortalama olarak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir.<strong><em>Bu\u011fday Danesinin Bile\u015fimi<\/em><\/strong><strong>Madde<\/strong><strong>%<\/strong>Su12Karbonhidrat70Protein12Ya\u011f2Sel\u00fcloz2,2K\u00fcl1,8\u00d6\u011f\u00fctme i\u015flemi sonucu ayr\u0131lan kepe\u011fin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ve di\u011fer yan \u00fcr\u00fcnler ile protein de\u011feri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bu\u011fdaylar hayvan yemi \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Son y\u0131llarda s\u0131kl\u0131kla g\u00fcndeme gelen yenilenebilir enerji kavram\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda biyoetanol \u00fcretiminde de bu\u011fday\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na rastlanmaktad\u0131r.<br><br><strong>Besin De\u011feri<\/strong><br>Bu\u011fday unu, \u00f6nemli bir karbonhidrat kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Gluten unu haricinde, bu\u011fday ununun t\u00fcm \u00e7e\u015fitleri kalorilerinin %80\u2019ini karbonhidrattan al\u0131rlar. Unun t\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, proteinden gelen kalori y\u00fczdesi %9\u201315 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. (gluten hari\u00e7 %45). Ya\u011flardan gelen kalori ise %5\u2019i ge\u00e7mez.<br>Buna ek olarak, yedi\u011fimiz her 1 tabak bu\u011fday unlu yemek 3\u201315 g besinsel&nbsp;lif&nbsp;ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu\u011fday unu,&nbsp;B vitamini,&nbsp;\u00e7inko,&nbsp;kalsiyum,&nbsp;folik asit,&nbsp;demir,&nbsp;fosfor,&nbsp;magnezyum,&nbsp;potasyum, az miktarda&nbsp;sodyum&nbsp;ve di\u011fer ge\u00e7i\u015f elementlerini i\u00e7erir.<br><br><strong>Bu\u011fday unu \u00c7e\u015fitleri<\/strong><strong>Beyaz Un:&nbsp;<\/strong>Endosperm k\u0131sm\u0131ndan elde edilir.<strong>Ekmek Unu:<\/strong>&nbsp;Sert ve y\u00fcksek proteinli bu\u011fdaylardan elde edilir. Protein miktar\u0131 %12 &#8211; %14 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir.&nbsp;<strong>\u00c7ok Ama\u00e7l\u0131 Un:&nbsp;<\/strong>Sert bu\u011fdaydan ya da sert-yumu\u015fak bu\u011fday kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan elde edilmekte olup kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 kek, kurabiye, bisk\u00fcvi ve \u00e7e\u015fitli hamur i\u015flerini i\u00e7ermekte olup, ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi olduk\u00e7a geni\u015ftir. Bile\u015fimindeki protein oran\u0131 %8 &#8211; %11 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir.<strong>Kek Unu:&nbsp;<\/strong>Keklerin yumu\u015fak olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kek ununun protein de\u011feri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr ve buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k ni\u015fasta oran\u0131 y\u00fcksektir. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle protein oran\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yumu\u015fak bu\u011fdaydan elde edilen una kek unu denir. Protein miktar\u0131 %7 &#8211; %9 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir.&nbsp;<strong>Hamur \u0130\u015fi Unu:&nbsp;<\/strong>Protein bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok ama\u00e7l\u0131 un ile kek ununun aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Genel olarak yumu\u015fak bu\u011fdaydan \u00fcretilir. Ama kraker, kek, kurabiye yap\u0131m\u0131nda da bu un t\u00fcr\u00fc kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Protein oran\u0131 %8 &#8211; %9 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir.&nbsp;<strong>Fosfatlanm\u0131\u015f Un:&nbsp;<\/strong>Kendili\u011finden kabarma \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahiptir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kabartma tozu ve tuz eklenerek \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. Ekmek yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaya \u00e7ok uygun de\u011fildir. Daha ziyade bisk\u00fcvi \u00fcretiminde bu un \u00e7e\u015fidine ba\u015fvurulabilir.<strong>Gluten Unu:&nbsp;<\/strong>Bile\u015fimindeki protein oran\u0131 en y\u00fcksek olan undur buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7erdi\u011fi ni\u015fasta miktar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Protein miktar\u0131 %40 &#8211; %45 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmekte olan gluten unu y\u00fcksek oranda protein i\u00e7eren yazl\u0131k bu\u011fdaydan elde edilir.<strong>\u0130rmik:&nbsp;<\/strong>Sert yazl\u0131k bir bu\u011fday olan durum bu\u011fday\u0131n\u0131n endosperminin kabaca \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclmesiyle elde edilir. Gluten bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengindir. Zenginle\u015ftirilerek makarna ve kuskus \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca irmikten yap\u0131lan ekmekler de mevcuttur.<strong>Durum Unu:&nbsp;<\/strong>\u0130rmi\u011fin \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclmesi ile elde edilir. Zenginle\u015ftirme yap\u0131larak eri\u015fte ve \u015fehriye \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>BU\u011eDAY &amp; BU\u011eDAY UNUBu\u011fday unu,&nbsp;bu\u011fday\u0131n&nbsp;\u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclmesiyle elde edilen ince toza verilen add\u0131r.&nbsp;&nbsp;Bu\u011fdaydan elde dilen una genellikle sadece un denilir. Arpa,&nbsp;yulaf,&nbsp;\u00e7avdar,&nbsp;m\u0131s\u0131r,&nbsp;nohut&nbsp;gibi&nbsp;bitkilerden&nbsp;de un elde edilir<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10000,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_mi_skip_tracking":false},"categories":[107],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ubmgida.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9999"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ubmgida.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ubmgida.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ubmgida.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ubmgida.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9999"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ubmgida.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9999\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10001,"href":"https:\/\/ubmgida.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9999\/revisions\/10001"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ubmgida.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10000"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ubmgida.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9999"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ubmgida.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9999"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ubmgida.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9999"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}